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1.
Dental press j. orthod. (Impr.) ; 23(6): 16-29, Nov.-Dec. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-975033

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate topographic and temporal aspects of premaxillary bone and premaxillary-maxillary suture, since they are fundamental anatomical elements little explored clinically. Methods: 1,138 human dry skulls were evaluated, of which 116 (10.19%) of the specimens were children, and 1,022 (89.81%) were adults. The skulls were photographed and the percentage of premaxillary-maxillary suture opening was determined. Subsequently the data were tabulated and submitted to statistical analysis, adopting a level of significance of 5%. Results: The progression of premaxillary suture closure from birth to 12 years of age was 3.72% per year. In 100% of the skulls up to 12 years, the premaxillary-maxillary suture open in the palatal region was observed, while 6.16% of adults presented different degrees of opening. Conclusions: The premaxilla exists in an independent way within the maxillary complex and the presence of the premaxilla-maxillary suture justifies the success of anteroposterior expansions to stimulate the growth of the middle third of the face, solving anatomical and functional problems.


RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar aspectos topográficos e temporais do osso pré-maxilar e da sutura pré-maxilar/maxilar, por serem elementos anatômicos fundamentais pouco explorados clinicamente. Métodos: foram avaliados 1.138 crânios secos humanos, sendo 116 (10,19%) dos espécimes crianças e 1.022 (89,81%) adultos. Os crânios foram fotografados e determinou-se a porcentagem de abertura da sutura pré-maxilar/maxilar. Posteriormente, os dados foram tabulados e submetidos a análise estatística, adotando-se nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: a progressão de fechamento da sutura pré-maxilar/maxilar do nascimento aos 12 anos de idade foi de 3,72% ao ano. Em 100% dos crânios até 12 anos, observou-se a sutura pré-maxilar/maxilar aberta na região palatina, enquanto 6,16% dos adultos apresentavam diferentes graus. Conclusões: a pré-maxila existe de forma independente dentro do complexo maxilar e a presença da sutura pré-maxilar / maxilar justifica o sucesso de expansões anteroposteriores para estimular o crescimento do terço médio da face, solucionando problemas anatômicos e funcionais.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adult , Skull/anatomy & histology , Skull/growth & development , Cranial Sutures/anatomy & histology , Cranial Sutures/growth & development , Maxilla/anatomy & histology , Maxilla/growth & development , Maxillofacial Development/physiology , Orthodontics, Corrective , Palate/anatomy & histology , Palate/growth & development , Palate/diagnostic imaging , Skull/diagnostic imaging , Age Factors , Maxilla/diagnostic imaging
2.
Dental press j. orthod. (Impr.) ; 22(2): 21-26, Mar.-Apr. 2017. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-840228

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Premaxilla, in its early descriptions, had the participation of Goethe. In our face, in a certain period of growth and development processes, premaxilla is an independent and, then, a semi-independent bone to finally be totally integrated to the maxilla. Formation of the premaxilla acts as a stabilization element inside the facial skeleton comparable to the cornerstone of a Roman arch and is closely related to the development of human face and its abnormal growth with characteristic malformations. Until when the premaxillary-maxillary suture remains open and offers opportunities to orthopedically influence facial growth to exert influence over facial esthetics and function? Contact with preliminary results in 1183 skulls from anatomic museums at USP, Unicamp and Unifesp led us to question therapeutic perspectives and its clinical applicability.


RESUMO A descrição inicial da pré-maxila teve a participação de Goethe. Na face, em determinado período do crescimento e desenvolvimento, têm-se a pré-maxila como um osso independente e, depois, semi-independente para, finalmente, se integrar totalmente à maxila. A formação da pré-maxila atua como um elemento estabilizador dentro do esqueleto facial, comparável com a pedra angular de um arco romano, e está intimamente relacionada com o desenvolvimento da face humana e seu crescimento anormal, com malformações características. Até quando a sutura pré-maxilar-maxilar continua aberta e oferece oportunidades para se influenciar ortopedicamente o crescimento facial e modificar a estética e função da face? O contato com estudos preliminares em 1.183 crânios de museus anatômicos da USP, Unicamp e Unifesp nos induziu a questionar sobre as perspectivas terapêuticas e aplicabilidades clínicas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Cranial Sutures/anatomy & histology , Cranial Sutures/growth & development , Maxilla/anatomy & histology , Maxilla/growth & development , Orthodontics, Corrective , Skull/anatomy & histology , Skull/growth & development , Cleft Lip/diagnosis , Cleft Lip/therapy , Cleft Palate/diagnosis , Cleft Palate/therapy , Cranial Sutures/diagnostic imaging , Face/anatomy & histology , Head , Maxilla/abnormalities , Maxilla/diagnostic imaging
3.
J. oral res. (Impresa) ; 5(3): 124-134, May 2016. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-982695

ABSTRACT

Abstract: cranial sutures are specialized structures composed of the sutural mesenchyme, the overlying scalp, the dura and osteogenic fronts. Each one of these structures express important proteins for osteogenic maturation, membranous ossification of skull bones, and homeostasis of cranial sutures in a differential, spatial and temporal manner. These proteins include fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and its receptors (FGFR), the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta), bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), as well as transcription factors TWIST and MSX2, among others. The alteration in the expression of one or more of these proteins causes multiple pathological conditions; one of them is the premature closure of one or more cranial sutures, known as craniosynostosis. This malformation is commonly treated with surgery. However, advances in the fields of molecular and cellular biology have allowed to conduct research on some proteins involved in the development of craniosynostosis. The results of these studies can lead to future preventive therapeutic strategies that may be used as a complement to the surgical treatment of craniosynostosis. Possible strategies include the use of specific drugs that can regulate the expression and activation of FGF signaling pathways, TGF-beta or BMPs, to prevent or avoid craniosynostosis or re-synostosis after a surgery.


Resumen: las suturas craneales son estructuras especializadas compuestas por el mesénquima sutural, el pericráneo suprayacente, la duramadre y los frentes osteogénicos. Cada una de estas estructuras expresan de forma diferencial, espacial y temporalmente, proteínas importantes para la maduración osteogénica, la osificación membranosa de los huesos calvarios y la homeostasis de las suturas craneales. Estas proteínas incluyen el factor de crecimiento fibroblástico (FGF) y sus receptores (FGFR), el factor de crecimiento transformante beta (TGF-beta), las proteínas morfogenéticas óseas (BMPs), así como factores de transcripción TWIST y MSX2, entre otros. La alteración en la expresión de una o varias de estas proteínas provoca múltiples condiciones patológicas, una de ellas es el cierre prematuro de una o varias suturas craneales, conocido como craneosinostosis. Esta malformación es comúnmente tratada con cirugía. Sin embargo, los avances en los campos de la biología molecular y celular han permitido investigar algunas proteínas que participan en el desarrollo de la craneosinostosis. Los resultados de estos estudios pueden generar futuras estrategias terapéuticas preventivas o que complementen los tratamientos quirúrgicos de la craneosinostosis. Algunas estrategias posibles son el uso de fármacos específicos que puedan regular la expresión y activación de las vías de señalización del FGF, el TGFbeta o de las BMPs, para prevenir la craneosinostosis o evitar la resinostosis tras una cirugía.


Subject(s)
Humans , Cranial Sutures/growth & development , Craniosynostoses/metabolism , Craniosynostoses/therapy , Bone Morphogenetic Proteins , Fibroblast Growth Factors , Molecular Targeted Therapy , Transforming Growth Factor beta
4.
Int. j. morphol ; 31(3): 1130-1136, set. 2013. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-695012

ABSTRACT

El conocimiento estructural y dimensional de las suturas palatinas es necesario para el tratamiento temprano de deficiencias transversales y longitudinales por técnicas de expansión o distracción osteogénica (DO). El objetivo fue estudiar el estado de las suturas palatinas y los cambios cambios dimensionales y morfológicos desde el nacimiento a la niñez. Fueron analizados 41 paladares óseos de ambos sexos entre 0 y 13 años, agrupándolos en recién nacidos (RN/n=17), infantes (IN/n=12) y niños (NI/n=12). Se fotografió cada paladar y se marcaron puntos craneométricos para determinar las dimensiones longitudinales y transversales de las suturas palatinas mediana premaxilar (SPPMX), mediana anterior (SPMA), posterior (SPMP), transversa anterior (SPTA) y transversa posterior (SPTP). Además se evaluó el estado sutural y dimorfismo sexual. Los resultados se sometieron a las pruebas OneWay-ANOVA, Bonferroni y t-test. Las suturas SPMA, SPMP y SPTP no presentaron sinostosis. La SPPMX se observo parcialmente sinostosada en 5,9 por ciento de RN y 16,7 por ciento de NI, y la SPTA en 8,3 por ciento de IN y 41,7 por ciento de NI. Al comparar la longitud sutural en los tres grupos, las dimensiones longitudinales estadísticamente significativas en todos los grupos (p<0,001). No hubieron diferencias en las suturas transversales entre IN y NI (p=0,32). Se observó dimorfismo en IN entre las SPMA y SPTP. El sistema sutural palatino juega un rol importante durante el crecimiento por su disposición sagital y transversal, permitiendo un crecimiento bidireccional del paladar. El crecimiento longitudinal es constante, mientras que el transversal muestra un peak hasta los 2 primeros años de vida y luego disminuye, sugiriendo la existencia de diferentes potenciales de crecimiento. Estas observaciones podrían explicar la alta prevalencia de alteraciones de crecimiento transversal en los niños...


Structural and dimensional knowledge of palatal sutures are necessary for early treatment of deficiencies by transverse and longitudinal expansion techniques or distraction osteogenesis (DO). The aim was to study the status and dimensional or morphological changes of palatal sutures from birth to childhood. Forty one bony palates of both sexes, between 0 and 13 yearsandgrouped in newborns (NB/n = 17), infants (IN/n = 12) and children (CH/n=12) were analyzed. All palates were photographed and craniometrics points were scored to determine the longitudinal and transverse dimensions of the palatal sutures: premaxillary (PMX), anterior midpalatal suture (AMPS), posterior midpalatal suture (PMPS), anterior transverse palatal suture (ATPS) and posterior transverse palatal suture (PTPS). In addition, we evaluated the sutural and sexual dimorphism. The results were subjected to tests OneWay - ANOVAandBonferroni t-test. AMPS, PMPS and PTPS no showed synostosis. PMX was observed partially sinostosed in 5.9% of NB and 16.7% of CH, and ATPS in 8.3% of IN and 41.7% of CH. When comparing the sutural length between groups, the differences were significant in all cases (p <0.001). There were no differences in transverse sutures between IN and CH groups (p=0.32). Sexual dimorphism wasobserved between AMPS and PTPS groups. The palatal suture system plays an important role during growth by sagittal and transverse available, allowing bidirectional growth of the palate. Longitudinal growth is constant, while the cross shows a peak until the first 2 years of life and then decreases, suggesting the existence of different potentials growth. These observations may explain the high prevalence of abnormal transverse growth in children...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Palate, Hard/anatomy & histology , Palate, Hard/growth & development , Cranial Sutures/anatomy & histology , Cranial Sutures/growth & development , Cross-Sectional Studies , Osteogenesis, Distraction , Palate, Hard/surgery
5.
Actas odontol ; 7(1): 5-13, mar. 2010.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BNUY | ID: lil-552675

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Desde sus comienzos en 1965 Branemark demostró un gran porcentaje de éxito en la rehabilitación con implantesoseointegrados ubicados en el maxilar inferior edéntulo (Branemark, 1977). Sin embargo, en la región posterosuperior encontramoscondiciones anatómicas que en ciertos casos dificultan la instalación de implantes dentales. Por falta de sostén óseo, porneumatización excesiva del seno maxilar o por baja calidad ósea, la zona tuberosal impide la colocación o disminuye la predecibilidadde los implantes dentales. Tulasne (1989, 1992) plantea la posibilidad de aprovechar el conjunto :maxilo-pterigoideo-piramidalpara suplir las insuficiencias encontradas en la tuberosidad. Los implantes pterigoideos (también llamados pterigomaxilares) handemostrado ser una técnica de predecibilidad comprobada en el tratamiento del desdentado total o parcial en la regiónposterosuperior, evitando alternativas terapéuticas mas complejas o extensas. Sin embargo, la proximidad de elementos anatómicosimportantes permite suponer un riesgo quirúrgico adicional en la región pterigomaxilar.Objetivos: Definir los márgenes de seguridad con que se cuenta para la instalación de implantes en la región pterigomaxilar,valorando la real incidencia de los riesgos anatómicos y técnicos más citados en la literatura.Materiales y métodos: Se realizó la medición de cuatro diferentes sectores de la región pterigomaxilar en 30 cráneos secos,analizándose en primera instancia si del resultado de la misma se desprendía un largo y/o espesor adecuado para alojar unimplante en dicho sector. Se relacionó luego dicha medición con los elementos vasculares más cercanos, para determinar losmárgenes de seguridad con que se cuenta.Resultados: Se obtuvieron las medidas medias de las estructuras estudiadas, así como intervalos de confianza a un 99%....


Introduction: In spite of its widely accepted success implant insertion in some areas of the mouth remain difficult. Particularllythe anatomical conditions often found in the posterior region of the maxilla make difficult implant insertion in the area.Inssuficient bone height mostly because of the maxillary sinus neumatization, low bone quality in the tuberosal area or thetechniques of sinus floor elevation may result in a low level of predictability for implant insertion. As an alternative to theanatomical shortcomings of this area a technique was developed by Tulasne and cowerkers for the utilization of the osseouscomplex including the maxilo-pterigoides-piramidal bones. The implants inserted in this area showed an high degree of predictabilityavoiding more complex surgical techniques. However, the proximity of some major anatomical structures in this area questionsthe safety of the procedure.Objectives: The aim of this study is i) to measure the distance limits between this anatomical structures and the path of theimplant insertion and ii)define the probability to contact an high risk anatomical structure during this procedure.Material and methods: We study 30 skulls in which we measured: i) the tridimensional volume of the pterigo maxilar region anits relation with the implant volume and ii) the proximity of the major blood vessels to the studied osseous structures.Results:The analysis of the median of the measures taken of the studied structures showed within an interval of confidence of99%, that the dimensions of the pterigomaxilar area may effectively support an implant and that the distance to the neighborvascular areas are within a reasonable distance, to make this implant insertion a safe procedure.


Subject(s)
Humans , Dental Implantation, Endosseous/methods , Osseointegration , Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported , Cranial Sutures/anatomy & histology , Cranial Sutures/growth & development , Cranial Sutures/blood supply
6.
Int. j. morphol ; 27(2): 553-564, June 2009. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-563110

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this paper is to report on the relationship between the parietal foramen and complexity of the human sagittal suture. Examination of 110 Japanese human skulls (males=67, females=43) with at least one parietal foramen revealed that the sagittal suture in the area of the Obelion was the simplest portion (i.e., fewest interdigitations and shortest length) of the suture (paired t-test, P<0.0005), when compared to the outstretched suture length of three established sections: 1. Parietal foramen section (P); 2. Anterior to section P (B); and 3. Posterior to section P (L). Sutural complexity was also compared between individuals with unilateral foramen (n=48) and bilateral foramina (n=62) to see if there was a statistically significant difference. The results revealed a slight difference in section P (ANOVA Bonferroni, P<0.05), denoting that the sagittal suture at the Obelion in individuals with unilateral parietal foramen is more complex than in individuals with bilateral foramina. While no difference in sex was noted, this simplicity in part likely reflects redirected bone stresses around a circular opening resulting in reduced tensile stresses and increased compressive stresses adjacent to the parietal foramen. This phenomenon warrants additional research and has implications for bone biomechanics and development of the cranial sutures.


El propósito de este trabajo es informar sobre la relación entre el foramen parietal y la complejidad de la sutura sagital en humanos. Se examinaron 110 cráneos humanos de individuos japoneses (hombres = 67, mujeres = 43) con al menos un foramen parietal, revelando que la sutura sagital en el área del obelion fue la parte más simple (es decir, menos interdigitaciones y menor longitud) de la sutura (vinculado la prueba t, p <0,0005). Cuando se comparó la extensión de la longitud de la sutura se establecieron tres secciones: 1. Sección foramen parietal (P); 2. Anterior a la sección P (B), y 3. Posterior a la sección P (L). La complejidad de la sutura también fue comparada entre los individuos con foramen unilateral (n = 48) y forámenes bilaterales (n = 62) para ver si había una diferencia estadísticamente significativa. Los resultados revelaron una ligera diferencia en la sección P (ANOVA Bonferroni, P <0,05), que indica que la sutura sagital a nivel del obelion en los individuos con foramen parietal unilateral es más compleja que en los individuos con forámenes bilaterales. Si bien no hubo diferencia según sexo, esta simplicidad en parte, probablemente refleja la redirección de las fuerzas del hueso alrededor de una abertura circular, lo que reduce la resistencia a la tracción y aumenta la fuerza de compresión adyacente al foramen parietal. Este fenómeno justifica la investigación adicional y tiene implicaciones para el desarrollo óseo y biomecánica de las suturas craneales.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Skull/anatomy & histology , Skull/growth & development , Skull , Age Factors , Parietal Bone/anatomy & histology , Parietal Bone/embryology , Cranial Sutures/anatomy & histology , Cranial Sutures/growth & development
8.
Indian Pediatr ; 1992 Apr; 29(4): 439-42
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-15572

ABSTRACT

Fifty cases each of preterm (greater than 34 weeks), full term and one month to six months age (400 total) were subjected to cranial ultrasonography for determination of ventricular size and ventriculohemispheric ratio. Ventricular size steadily increased from 4.64 +/- 1.84 mm in preterm to 10.72 +/- 2.92 mm in six months old infant. Ventriculohemispheric ratio increased from 0.12 +/- 0.052 in preterm to 0.17 +/- 0.056 in three months of age. Then steady level was maintained at 0.17 +/- 0.064 upto six months of age.


Subject(s)
Age Factors , Anthropometry/methods , Brain/anatomy & histology , Cerebral Ventricles/anatomy & histology , Cranial Sutures/growth & development , Echoencephalography/methods , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Infant, Premature/growth & development , Reference Values
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